Metal-turning tool.



J. HARTNESS.

METAL TURNING TOOL. APPLIOATION FILED JULY 30, 1912'.

Patented Mar. 2, 1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

IHE NORRIS PETERS CO.. PHOmLITHQ. WASHINGTUN. D. C

J. HARTNBSS.

METAL TURNING TOOL.

APPLIGATION FILED JULY 30, 1912.

1,1 30,275. Patented Mar-.2, 1915.

4 SHEETSSHEET 2.

I W I J. HARTNESS.

METAL TURNING TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 30, 1912.

Patented Mar. 2, 1915.

fnv/ezztar- 0..0'ASHINGTON. D C,

J. HARTNESS.

METAL TURNING TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 30, 1912.

JAMES I-IARTNESS, OF SPRINGFIELD, VERMONT.

METAL-TURNING TOOL.

1,130,275. Original application filed- November 17, 1908,

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 2, 1915.

Serial No. 463,002. Divided and this application filed July 30, 1912. Serial No. 712,265.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JAMES HARTNESS, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Springfield, in the county of Windsor and State of Vermont, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Metal-Turning Tools, (Case 13,) of which the following is a specification.

This invention has relation to metal cutting tools of the type in which the chip or cutting is removed from the work in the form of a substantially continuous band or strip, necessitating the employment of means for breaking the chip or cutting into relatively short length.

Referring to the drawings,-Figure 1 represents in front elevation a turning tool embodying the invention. Fig. 2 represents a vertical section through the tool. Fig. 3 represents a horizontal section through the tool. Figs. 4 and 5 represent sections on the lines 44 and 5-5 respectively of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 represents a cross section through the cutter holder to illustrate the means for limiting the oscillation of 6 illustrates a portion of the cutter carrier and the chip breakers, the cutter bar being broken off. Fig. 7 illustrates the same parts looking from the other side. Fig. 8 represents an end view of the cutter carrier detached, with the various parts thereon. Figs. 9 and 10 are sectional views illustrat ing the operation of the deflectors or chip breakers. Figs. 11 to 15 inclusive illustrate another form of chip breaker or deflector which may be employed in connection with the tool, Fig. 14 representing a section on the line 1414 of Fig.13, and Fig. 15 representing a section on the line 1515 of Fig. 11. Figs. 16, 17 and 18 show the shoe having the chip deflector formed at the end thereof.

The tool as a whole is illustrated and described in my co-pending application Serial No. 463,002, filed November 17, 1908, of which this is a division. The main features of the tool may be briefly described as follows: The body 25 consists of a standard having a base 27 adapted to be secured by any suitable means to the tool slide of a lathe, the standard being provided with an aperture through which the work may pass. A rest holder 26, substantially C-shaped in form, is attached to the standard, being provided with apertures 28 to receive dowels 29.

the cutter bar. Fig,

The holder serves as a support or carrier for work rests 30, and to it is pivoted the cutter carrier 48 to be hereinafter described in detail. Each work rest consists of a rotatable disk or member having an eccentric shank ournaled in a sleeve or bushing 32 arranged 1n a cylindrical aperture 23 in the holder 26. The ends of the shanks 31 rest against pins which in turn bear against transverse pins 35 passed through the projecting ends of the sleeve 32. The said pins 35 have knobs 36 and constitute handles for rotating or osclllating the sleeves. Each sleeve has a r1b 37 adapted to be passed through a slot 33 into an enlargement 38 of its receiving socket 33, and forms a stop member which may be registered with and engage the end of any one of a series of abutment screws 40. The out-away portion 42 of each of the handle lus will engage the head of the screw 40 when the end of the latter is engaged by the r1 b or slot member 37, so that the sleeve will be held against accidental dislocation. The screws 40 are set in different positions to provide a rapid adjustment of each of the work rests.

A lubricant is supplied to the work rests through a duct 43 and ducts. 44. The abutment screws may be locked in place by pins 45 engaged by a beveled bar 46, the latter being apertured to receive loosely a screw 47 projecting from the holder 26.

The cutter carrier is indicated at 48. It consists of a block having at its inner end a partially cylindrical ear 49 located in a complemental socket 50 on the body portion 26. The ear 49 projects into and lies between two cars 51, 51 formed on the rest holder or carrier 26.

52 indicates a pivot pin by which the cutter carrier is pivoted to the rest carrier. This pin is of suiiicient length so that its extremity 53 which projects entirely through the rest carrier 26, enters an aperture 54 in the body 25 where it is clamped by a screw 1 The shape of the cutter. carrier will be seen from an inspection of Figs. 1, 4 and 5. It has in its front face a recess to receive the cutter bar and its shoe as will be explained.

' The cutter bar is indicated as a whole at 57.

It consists of an elongated bar having at one end a longitudinal cutting edge formed by two faces which are preferably at an acute angle as illustrated in Fig. 8. The inner f face of the cutting edge adapted to rest flat against the work, whereas the other face or top slope is at a wedging angle so as to wedge the chip away from the face of the work. The inner face of the cutter which rests' against the work, is substantiallyacutter is cylindrically curved'a'bout the corner line as anaXis. Rearward from the cutting edge, the outer side of the shank of the cutter has a rib 58 which is utilized in holding the cutter in place; The carrier {l8 has in one of its side faces, as previously stated, atrecess in which the cutter is located as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. The upper wall 59 ofthe recess has a downwardly projecting lip 60 against which the flat inner face of the shank may. rest. The cutter itself is seated upon a rest or shoe which is indicated at 61. The under part of this shoe is cylindrically convex and is placed upon a concave seat 62 in the cutter carrier. The upper surface of the shoe 61 is concave so as to receive theconvex under SldBOf the cutter 57 and permit'the oscillation of the cutter which is V a feature of the tool described in my prior application Serial No. 406,588, filed December 16, 1907. The-cutter carrier is provided with upwardly projecting lips 63 to prevent any lateral movement of the shoe and the shoe has similar lips 64 to limit the lateral movement of the cutter bar in one direction. At this end,'the shoe 61- has'an upwardly projecting lip. 65 against which the end of the cutting nose of the cutter may seat itself. In addition toforming a seat for the cutter, theshoe'also serves to support one of the chip deflectors or breakers as will be subse quently explained.

In order that the cutter andits shoe may be properly clamped in the cutter carrier, I provide any convenient clamping mechanism such, for example, as those shown in Figs. 4 and 5. 66 and 67 represent two clamping members which are semi-cylindrical and which are located in semi-cylindrical sockets in the cutter carrier. The flat faces of thesetwo clamping members'engage the rib 58 on the cutter bar so that by rotating said members, they forcerthe' cutter bar againstthe lips 60 and also force the cutter bar and its'shoe' against the seat 62 on the cutter carrier. For rotating said clamping members, I provide pins 68, 69, respectively, which are moved longitudinally by screws 70, 71; Theend of the pin 68 is flat and it engages an edge on one side of the axis of the member 66, so that, when the pin 68 is forced upwardly, it will effect the rotation of the said member. The pin 69,however, is provided at its end with a transverse concavity, sothat, when forced upwardly, it

will the convex side of the member i 67. In either case, the clamp is partially rotated and is forced against the rib 58 so as to press the cutter against thelip 60 and also downwardly against its shoe. By loosening thescrews70, 71, the cutter bar and itsshoe may be adjusted longitudinally. The clamping member 67 proje'ct's'beyond-the end'o'fthe cutter carr er, and is provided with a rib 7 2 which may be engaged with any one of a series of transversenotches 7 3,573 in the cutter bar so as to establish a practically rigid engagement of the cutter bar with the I clampingmember 67. V The clamping member itself may be adjusted longitudinally relatively to the pin 69. For thepurpose of further limiting the lateral oscillation of the I cutterbar, I place on the side of it opposite the lips64l, a pin 7a which will engage the lower portion of the inner side of "the cutter bar (see Fig. 3). This pin is beveled at its end so that it may be engaged by a wedgeshaped pin 75, the latter being adjusted by a screw 76. By means-of the screw 76 and the pins 74, 75, the cutter, if desired,may be clamped against any lateral movement, or they may be adjusted to permit the cutter to oscillate slightly so that the inner face of its cutting edge may follow the face of the work. I V V The cutter carrier has pivoted to ita yoke 77 having sidebars 78 which straddle the cutter carrier, the side bars-being pivoted thereto by pivot pins 79 having an eccentric sleeve 80 rigidly connected therewith. A handle 81is secured tothe pivotpin whereby it may be rocked to adjust the ieo cutter carrier with reference to the yoke and v v to the work. Either of two abutment screws 82 and 83 may be engaged with a hardened socket piece 84 in an arm on the body 26 to locate the cutter with reference to the work.

Thesaidscrew may be secured'afteradjustment by any suitable means.

The chips, which arefremoved from the work by the cutter, are tough and strong, so that it becomes necessary, as previously explained, to deflect them in the proper direction and also in-many cases to breakthein. As illustratedupon the drawings, the chip deflectors now-to be described aresoanranged and related as to effect the breaking of the chips in relatively short lengths.

Referring to Figs. 6 to 10 inclusive, "it

will be observed that two deflecting mem bers are employed, indicated respectivelyat 9O'and 91. The member 90 is formed on the shoe 61 and it projects'laterally'across'the inner end ofthe cutter carrier. Its upper."

surface is recessed as at 92 so as to form a curved deflect1ng surface. 93" which is in proximity to the top slope or outer face of the cutter as shown in Fig. 9. This, curved surface 93, as best shown in the two sec I 9" tional views in Figs. 9 andlO, is of such character that the chip is guided into an unnatural path both axially of the work and also laterally away from the work. The recess 92, formed by the curved surface 93, serves as a chute which is open at one end for the discharge of the broken chips. Immediately above the deflecting member 90 is the member 91 which consists of a block held in place by a lip 94 on the cutter carrier and by a pin 95. The under side of the member 91 is recessed to form a curved surface 96 which opposes the curved surface 93, and which assists in guiding the chip outwardly from the work and which causes the chip to be bent about the deflecting surface 93 so as to break it as the chip travels from the face of the work. In this example, the chip is guided entirely through the tool body and is discharged in front of the tool (considering the position of the tool when it is operating upon the work).

In Figs. 11 to 18 inclusive, I have shown the chip breakers or deflectors which are arranged so that the chips are deflected downwardly through the cutter carrier so as to be discharged therebelow. In this. case, the cutter shoe is provided with the lateral extension 98 which constitutes one deflecting member, this extension lying across and being supported upon the lower portion of the cutter carrier 48. The member 98 lies in front of the end of the upper portion of the cutter carrier so as to leave a space between them, this space being indicated at 99 in Fig. 14. The configuration of the member 98 is apparent in Figs. 13 to 18 inclusive. It has the curved deflecting surface 100 by which the chip is guided away from the face of the work and slightly outward from the work. In conjunction with the deflecting member 98, I employ a second defleeting member 101 which is bifurcated so as to straddle a pin 102 projecting from the end of the cutter carrier. In this case, for the adjustment of the deflector, I employ a rock shaft 103 having an eccentric pin 104 at its end which extends into an aperture in the member 101. The face of the member 101, which confronts the member 98, is concaved, being curved downwardly so that, when it is engaged by the chip, the chip is bent about the deflecting surface 100 of the member 98 and is caused to break and be discharged downwardly through an aperture 105 in the cutter carrier 48. In both of these constructions, which have been described, the deflectors are located so that the chip, on leaving the top slope of the cutter, is bent laterally or fiatwise e. longitudinally of the work) at a sufficiently abrupt angle so that, when it engages the second deflector, it is broken into relatively short lengths, such fracture not taking place at the point of cleavage of the chip from the face of the work but below the top slope of the cutter.

This application is a division of my application filed November 17, 1908, pursuant to which Letters Patent No. 1,054,840 were granted March 4, 1913. I do not herein claim the work rests and means for adjusting and positioning the cutter and the work rests, claimed in my copending application Serial No. 712,264, which is likewise a division of my first-mentioned application.

Having thus explained the nature of my said invention and described a way of making and using the same, although without attempting to set forth all of the forms in which it may be made or all of the modes of its use, what I claim is 1. In a metal-turning tool, a cutter holder, a cutter thereon having an inner face and a top slope, and a shoe for the cutter having a chip-deflecting surface located adjacent the top slope adapted to deflect the chip on of its natural path. 1

2. In a metal-turning tool, a cutter holder, a cutter thereon having an inner face and a top slope, a shoe for the cutter having a chip-deflecting surface located adjacent the top slope adapted to deflect the chip out of its natural path, and means cooperating with said surface to automatically bend and break said chip into sections.

8. In a metal-turning tool, a cutter holder, a cutter thereon, comprising a bar having a cutting edge, a shoe on the holder having a chip deflecting portion located at the side of said cutting edge, and extending laterally therefrom, and a chip-breaking member located on said holder above said deflecting portion to cooperate therewith in breaking the chip into sections.

4. In a metal-turning tool, a cutter holder, a cutter thereon, comprising a bar having a cutting edge, chip-breaking members located on said holder and spaced apart to provide a chip-receiving aperture, said aperture extending laterally from said cutter and having opposing walls and an open mouth for the discharge of the chip sections.

In testimony whereof I have=aflixed my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES HARTNESS. Witnesses H. E. IRVING, J. W. WALKER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G. 

